Presentation on the topic: "family and marriage. family and marriage are among those phenomena in which interest is always stable and widespread. family is very complex, multi-layered." Download for free and without registration. Family and marriage Classification of family

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY According to UNESCO, Belarus is one of the most “non-family” countries. In the ranking of states with the highest number of divorces, we are second only to the Maldives, Russia, and Guam. Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the demographic situation has been characterized by stable depopulation. The absolute population decline for 1993-2010 amounted to over 750 thousand people. The main reason for depopulation is the low fertility rate, which ensures population reproduction by only 65%. MARRIAGE AND FAMILY are two of the most important concepts in our lives, for which there are very, very many definitions. These concepts may differ, but one thing is clear - family and marriage in their main meaning imply close relationships, in most cases the ultimate goal of which is the birth of a child. Why in its main meaning? Because spouses may also not live with each other and, nevertheless, be married, or a family can exist even if one of the spouses has to leave for a long time for work. Do you need to start a family? The family is a social institution that satisfies the individual needs of family members, carries out their primary socialization, and acts as a mediator in the relationship between the individual and society. A family, as a small group, has its own unique culture, personal contact between group members, cohesion, a certain emotional climate, intimacy of relationships, homogeneity, etc. Family functions: economic, reproductive, regenerative, educational, recreational, security. Types of families: by the number of marriage partners, by the legal registration of marriage relations, by the structure of power in the family, by the number of children, the presence of parents, by the number of generations in the family. What types of marriages do you know? o Church marriage o Morganatic marriage o Civil marriage o Temporary marriage o Communal (group) marriage o or "Swedish family" o Open marriage o Factual marriage o Polygyny o Polyandry o Same-sex marriage o Guest marriage o De facto marriage o Trial marriage relationships In the modern world the concept is used in many areas of human life. They are classified according to the scope of consideration: 1. 2. at the level of social communities - class, national, group and family relations; at the level of those engaged in certain activities, production and educational relations; 3. 4. at the level of relationships between people in groups - interpersonal relationships. Intrapersonal relationships, for example, emotional - volitional attitudes of a person towards himself. Signs of a family: o Association of persons related by marriage or kinship; o An association of persons connected by material or moral community and support: in the form of living together in a residential area; in general management; in a community of interests, concerns, problems; o An association of persons bound by mutual rights and obligations. Is it possible to put an “=” sign between the concepts of “family” and “marriage”? The concept of family should not be confused with the concept of marriage. The family is a more complex system of relationships than marriage, because... it unites not only spouses, but also their children and other relatives. Intrafamily relationships can be both personal (relationships between mother and son) and group (between parents and children or between married couples in large families). The essence of a family is reflected in its functions, structure and role behavior of its members. The most important functions of the family are: reproductive, economic and consumer, educational and restorative. The family is considered one of the four fundamental institutions of society, giving it stability and the ability to replenish the population in each successive generation. At the same time, the family acts as a small group - the most cohesive and stable unit of society. Throughout his life, a person is part of many different groups - a group of peers or friends, a school class, a work team or a sports team - but only the family remains the group that he never leaves. Family is necessary and important. Family is associated with concepts that are dear and close to the heart, such as Goodness, Comfort, Home, Mother. The family provides support for feelings, dreams, hopes, and helps to implement life plans. . Family is needed not only by individuals, but also by society. It helps improve the education of the younger generation. public relations, THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Family and marriage

Spheres of life

Spheres of life

Age

15-17 years old

Communication with peers

Health

Family, marriage

Society, country

Family law

WITH a set of legal norms that regulate relations between people in connection with marriage, creating a family, giving birth and raising children.

Family right

ABOUT branch of law, the rules of which regulate personal and property relations arising from marriage and family membership.

Sources of family law

• Constitution of the Russian Federation (Art.

• Family Code 1996

• Federal laws

• Government regulations

Dictionary:

M scarlet social group

ABOUT din of social institutions

Small social group, which is

community of people

folding

based on kinship, marriage or

adoption.

WITH family as a social institution is characterized by a set of social norms, sanctions and patterns of behavior that regulate relations between spouses, parents and their children and other relatives.

Family functions:

• Reproductive
• Economic
• Socialization
• Household
• Cultural and leisure
• Protective
• status

Marriage

the word comes from

Slavic "brachiti",

those. select, choose

good and reject

bad.

Marriage

voluntary union

men and women,

the purpose of which

is creating a family.

TO these are the conditions

and the procedure for marriage?

Family Code (1996) chapter 3.

• Article 10. Marriage
• Article 12. Conditions for marriage

1) To enter into a marriage, the mutual voluntary consent of the man and woman entering into marriage and who have reached marriageable age is required.

• Article 13. Marriage age.

1) The age of marriage is set at 18 years.

2) If there are valid reasons, local government bodies have the right, at the request of these persons, to allow persons over 16 years of age to marry

Article 14. Circumstances preventing marriage

Not allowed marriage between:

• Persons of whom at least one person is already in another registered marriage;
• Close relatives;
• Adoptive parents and adopted children;
• Persons of whom at least one person has been declared incompetent by a court due to a mental disorder.

Chapter 3. Article 11.

Marriage procedure:

• marriage is concluded in the personal presence of the persons entering into marriage, after a month has passed from the date of their submission of the application to the civil registry office.

Types of marriage

Official

(legal)

Actual

Church

P about the years of family life

divorces are distributed as follows:

Up to 1 year – 3.6%

From 1 to 2 – 16%

From 3 to 4 – 18%

From 5 to 9 – 28%

From 10 to 19 -22%

Provincial programs

Support for young families in the Penza region

will continue in 2011

On the territory of the Penza region in 2011, the long-term target program of the Penza region “Social support for certain categories of citizens of the Penza region in the housing sector” for 2010-2015 continues to be implemented.

Within the framework of this program, a number of subprograms are being implemented:

- “Providing housing for young families” on 2010 – 2015; - “House for specialists in rural areas” on 2010 – 2015; - “State support for improving the living conditions of public sector workers in the Penza region” at 2010 - 2015; - “Social support for young families in the housing sector” on 2010 – 2015 .

Program

"House for a young family"

Started a family - built housing.

Of the large number of programs successfully operating in the Penza region, I would like to dwell on the provincial program “House for a Young Family” and the subprogram “Providing Housing for Young Families”, which is part of the federal target program “Housing” for 2002-2010.

The main goal of the “House for a Young Family” program is to create a system of support for young families in solving the housing problem.

LAW

PENZA REGION

ABOUT SOCIAL SUPPORT MEASURES FOR LARGE FAMILIES,

RESIDENTS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE PENZA REGION

Legislative Assembly

Penza region

(as amended by the Laws of the Penza Region dated 03/09/2005 N 767-ZPO,

dated 02.11.2005 N 884-ZPO, dated 14.11.2006 N 1149-ZPO)

This Law, in accordance with Article 26.3 of the Federal Law of October 6, 1999 N 184-FZ "On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation" establishes social support measures large families, living in the Penza region.

Homework

Write an essay on one of the suggested topics:

1. “Treat your parents the way you would want your children to be treated.”

treated you."

(Socrates is an ancient Greek philosopher).

2. “Raising children is work and duty.”

(F.M. Dostoevsky - Russian writer).

3. “The family is the crystal of society.”

.(Hugo is a French writer).

4. “A marriage cannot be happy if the spouses

did not perfectly recognize each other’s morals, habits and characters.”

(O. de Balzac - French writer).

Family and marriage are among those phenomena in which interest is always stable and widespread. The family is a very complex, multi-layered social formation that permeates all aspects of the social structure of society. Therefore, no matter what aspect of the social life of society we touch upon (the sociology of upbringing, education, politics, law), we necessarily affect the interests of the family. Without analyzing the institution of the family, we will not be able to conduct any fundamental sociological research in the field of social control and social disorganization, social mobility and demographic changes.

The main functions that a social institution performs: 1) creates the opportunity for members of this society to satisfy their needs and interests; 2) regulates the actions of members of society within the framework of social relations; 3) ensures the sustainability of public life; 4) ensures the integration of aspirations, actions and interests of individuals; 5) exercises social control.

In other words, marriage is a contract that is concluded by three parties - a man, a woman and the state. Unlike all other formal contracts existing in society, it stipulates only one date - the date of conclusion of the marriage agreement, but does not indicate the end date of the contract. This implies that marriage bonds bind people together until the end of their lives.

In many societies, the state takes upon itself not only the registration of marriage, but its consecration is carried out by the church. Spouses take an oath of fidelity to each other and undertake the responsibility of social, economic and physical mutual guardianship. The consecration of marriage in front of the church altar is considered the most powerful form of strengthening marriage.

In traditional society, kinship is the main form of social organization. In modern society, it has ceased to be such, and the family has not only separated from the kinship system, but is also increasingly isolated from it. Most modern people do not know their distant relatives (second cousins, aunts, etc.) by name.

Kinship structure is usually depicted as a “family tree.” There can be only seven immediate relatives: mother, father, brother, sister, spouse, daughter, son. Distant relatives are divided into first cousins ​​and second cousins. There can be no more than 33 cousins. They are ranked according to the degree of relationship, starting from mother-in-law and ending with nephew.

It is believed that due to the instability of marriage ties at that time and the difficulty of establishing paternity, the account of kinship along the maternal line (maternal lineage) first became most widespread, which was later replaced by patrilineal kinship (patrilineal lineage).

Depending on the size and structure of the marriage group, they distinguish: MONOGAMY (marriage union of one man and one woman) 1. lifelong monogamy; 2. monogamy, allowing divorce (easily divorced marriage); 3. couple family. POLYGAMY (marriage of more than two partners). 1. POLYGYNY (polygamy), 2. POLYANDRY (polyandry), 3. as well as various groups of group marriage.

Depending on the place of residence of the spouses, a marriage is distinguished: PATRILOKAL (spouses live with the husband's parents), MATRILOCAL (spouses live with the wife's parents), DISLOCAL (spouses live apart, each with their blood relatives) UNILOCAL (spouses live together, separately from relatives).

Depending on the degree of relationship, a family is distinguished between consanguineous and matrimonial. Depending on the number of generations in the family, a family is distinguished between NUCLEAR (includes only two generations - Parent-spouses and their children) and EXTENDED. According to the number of parents - FULL and PART-TIME. According to the number of children - CHILDRENLESS, ONE CHILDREN, MANY CHILDREN).

There are 6 types of relationships towards children: 1. INFANTICIDAL – infanticide, violence (from antiquity to the 4th century AD); 2. Abandoned – children are given to a wet nurse, to someone else’s family, to a monastery (IV – XVII centuries); 3. AMBIVALENT – children are not considered full members of the family, they are denied independence, individuality, they are “molded” in “images and likeness”, and in case of resistance they are severely punished (XIV – XVII centuries); 4. OBSESSIVE – the child becomes closer to his parents, his behavior is strictly regulated, his inner world is controlled (XVIII century); 5. SOCIALIZING – children’s efforts are aimed at preparing for independent life, character formation, the child is an object of education and training for them (19th – early 20th centuries); 6. HELPING – parents strive to ensure the individual development of the child, taking into account his inclinations and abilities, to establish emotional contact (mid-twentieth century – present).

Specific functions arise from the essence of the family and remain unchanged as long as the institution of the family exists. Reproductive (production of children and reproduction of the person himself); Socialization function (raising children); Economic (social production of means of living, running your own household, having a personal budget).

Nonspecific are those functions that the family is forced to perform in certain historical circumstances. Non-specific functions of the family are associated with the accumulation and transfer of property, status, organization of recreation and activities, care for the health, as well as the well-being of all family members, etc.

Slide 2: 1. Family and its functions

Define the concept of “family.” Family is a small social group based on marriage and (or) consanguinity, adoption

Slide 3: ? Why do people start a family? (family functions)

Family functions: Reproductive Educational Economic-spiritual-emotional Social-status

Slide 4: 2. Types (types) of families

Nuclear - a family consists of parents with or without children. Formed during the transition to an industrial society Complex family (patriarchal, extended family) - a large family of several generations. This may include grandparents, brothers and their wives, sisters and their husbands, nephews and nieces. They live together and run a household. Characteristic of a traditional society. Patriarchal - traditional distribution of roles Affiliate - equal distribution of responsibilities Parental - this is the family in which a person is born Reproductive - a family that a person creates himself Incomplete - a family of only one parent with children or two parents without children

Slide 5: 3. Legal regulation of family relations. Marriage

Concluded by the civil registry office. An application is submitted 1 month in advance (in special cases, marriage is concluded on the same day) Marriage is concluded from the age of 18 (in special cases from 16) Marriage is not allowed unless the previous marriage is dissolved Close relatives, adoptive parents and adopted persons Incompetent (due to mental disorder)

Slide 6: Divorce

In the registry office: By mutual consent of spouses who do not have children. If the spouse is recognized by the court as missing, incompetent, or if he is sentenced to a term of three years or more. 2. In court: If there are minor children. If one of the spouses disagrees.

Slide 7: Property rights of spouses

Property acquired by spouses during marriage is their joint property. When making real estate transactions, the notarized consent of the other spouse is required. Property owned by spouses before marriage, as well as property received as a gift and inherited during marriage, is personal property. When dividing property, the shares of the spouses are recognized as equal, unless otherwise provided in the marriage contract.

Marriage and family

Completed by: primary school teacher S.O. Korchagina

• A family is a small social group based on the marriage of a man and a woman.

• Marriage is a family union between a man and a woman, based on their rules and responsibilities towards each other and their children.

The uniqueness of the family lies in the fact that it simultaneously represents both a social institution and a small social group. A family is not the sum of two or more individuals, but a special entity with new qualities. There are primary (parental) and secondary (marital) families. The married family can join the parental family or be separated from it. Moreover, marriage and family are far from the same thing, just as “being married” and “living as one family” are not the same thing. Speaking about the union of two, by “Your House” we do not mean an apartment, furniture and other common household items, which are also needed, but are needed as a condition for the existence of a family, and not its goal.

The history of humanity, of all its constituent peoples, represents a continuous change of generations. The cessation of generational change means the end of its history. The history of human society begins and continues as long as people support the system of birth and education of a healthy generation capable of ensuring the further advancement of society along the path of civilization.

The family has always played a role in the reproduction of the population. A person is born into a family, grows, is educated, and prepares for adulthood.

Culture of communication between spouses

The foundations of cultural communication are laid in adolescence. The first thing young people should learn before starting a family is the difference between physical attraction and deep, spiritual love, when the chosen one can become the best friend in the world and when together it will be better than with anyone else.

To prevent various adversities and difficulties from destroying the feelings of the spouses, each of them must constantly develop their positive qualities:

• goodwill
• critical attitude and self-demanding attitude
• thoughtfulness
• responsibility
• mutual respect
• culture of behavior

Factors characterizing the relationship between spouses

To form a stable marital relationship, a number of factors are distinguished:

• psychological
• physical
• physiological
• cultural
• material

Psychological factor

This factor is the basis for the psychological compatibility of future spouses for the formation of a prosperous family climate. It is characterized by kinship of souls, based on the mutual love of spouses for each other and for children, the desire to constantly take care of each other, the willingness to share and alleviate sorrows and sorrows; The compatibility of interests and values, and a common lifestyle are very important.

Physical factor

This factor determines the external perception of one person by another (voice, demeanor, speech, clothing). Of no small importance in the physical factor is the spouses’ passion for certain sports and their attitude towards physical culture, which serves as the basis for the compatibility of temperaments, interesting joint leisure and active recreation.

Physiological factor

This factor is the basis of compatibility and ensures intimate communication between people who love each other, stimulates the joys of living together, and promotes their spiritual and physical intimacy.

Cultural factor

The cultural factor is determined by the correspondence of the intellectual and cultural needs of the spouses and depends on their level of education, type of work, and desire for constant self-improvement. The main role here may be played not by the level of development itself, but by the desire to correspond to each other, to live by common interests.

Material factor

This factor is determined by the spouses’ contribution to the functioning of the family and depends on how important this side of the marriage is for each spouse.

Spouses buy an apartment

Family functions

• Reproductive
• Educational
• Economic
• Leisure

Family reproductive function

It consists in the birth and upbringing of children, ensuring a change of generations. The qualities that a person must have to successfully implement this function must be the following:

• individual health of spouses and its impact on the health of the child;
• the ability to communicate with people of the opposite sex, to find mutual understanding in any situation and at any age;
• certain skills and abilities in housekeeping: the ability to perform various household chores, plan a family budget, cook food, etc.;
• preparation for raising children (implies familiarizing young people with the role in raising their shift, with the responsibility of parents for raising children, with the influence of the relationship between spouses on the moral, psychological and emotional development of the child).

Educational function

This function solves the problem of passing on to their children moral values ​​and norms, work skills, introducing them to the world around them, life in society, and communication with other people.

Economic function

The basis of this family function is its budget. In order to correlate expenses with income and most fully satisfy the reasonable needs of all family members, you need to be able to plan a budget.

In young families, economic factors are often the cause of family breakdown.

Leisure function

This function is based on the common interests of the spouses. There are:

• weekday leisure (intended to restore in the family the spiritual and physical strength expended during the working day);
• weekend leisure (includes all types of activities that contribute not only to recuperation, but also to personal development and the creation of health reserves);
• vacation (a favorable time for organizing a joint vacation to maintain warm and friendly relations).

Registration of family relations

In most countries, laws require appropriate registration (registration) of marriage in special government bodies. In the Russian Federation, a marriage entered into at the civil registry office (registry office) is recognized as legal.

Conditions and procedure for marriage

• The marriage takes place in the registry office;
• Marriage is concluded in the personal presence of persons entering into marriage after one month from the date of submission of their application to the registry office.
• If there are good reasons, the registry office may allow marriage to be concluded before the expiration of a month or increase this period by no more than a month.
• If there are special circumstances (pregnancy, birth of a child, etc.), marriage can be concluded on the day the application is submitted.
• To enter into a marriage, the mutual voluntary consent of the man and woman entering into marriage and their attainment of marriageable age are required.
• A marriage is concluded if both persons entering into a marriage are not in another registered marriage.
• Marriage cannot be concluded between close relatives.

Minimum age for marriage

In the Russian Federation, there is a single minimum age for marriage – 18 years for men and women. Reducing the marriageable age is allowed for no more than 2 years (up to 16 years) and is carried out by a resolution of the head of the administration at the place of marriage registration at the request of the persons entering into marriage, the consent of the legal representatives - parents, adoptive parents or trustees.

The age of marriage can be reduced by more than 2 years as an exception, taking into account circumstances (pregnancy, birth of a child, etc.). There is no age limit for marriage.

The main act regulating family relations in the Russian Federation

Currently, this is the Family Code, which was adopted on December 29, 1995 by Federal Law No. 223-F3 (entered into force on March 1, 1996). According to the code, family legislation consists of legislative and other regulations governing:

• establishing the procedure and conditions for marriage;
• the emergence of personal and property relations between family members: spouses, parents and children, including between adoptive parents and adopted children;
• determination of the norm and procedure for placing children without parental care in the family.